Program Highlights High Tunnel Operations and Pest Pressure Management

By Heather Willis

High tunnels can extend growing seasons, increase crop diversity, achieve higher yields, and improve quality, but their enclosed space can lead to higher pest pressure compared to open field production. A recent program at Dixon Springs Agricultural Center showcased current research and demonstration trials in the three commercial-sized high tunnels on site, including pest management strategies that can benefit the agricultural community and the environment. 

Many growers treat infestations through chemical control but have limited options of labeled pesticides that can be used within high tunnels. The structures provide a controlled environment for ongoing research with biological controls for pest management. In addition to research conducted at the Sustainable Student Farm at Urbana-Champaign, Specialty Crops Entomologist Kacie Athey has used the Dixon Springs high tunnels as an additional test site since 2021. 

When the project began, predatory insects were released into the high tunnels to act as natural enemies, feeding on harmful pests. In 2023, the research focused on a conservation biological control approach, planting cut flowers and cover crops within the structure to attract and retain natural enemies to help control pests.

Different management practices and growing situations can produce varying results between the two sites. The campus high tunnels do not have electricity, meaning all ventilation comes passively through the side walls. Both locations have cut flowers, which can serve as an additional source of revenue, but the flowers are planted in the center of the high tunnels at Dixon Springs and along the sides in the campus high tunnels. Current studies are determining if this makes a difference in attracting beneficial insects.