The Advantages and Disadvantages of Providing Cattle With Shade

By Travis Meteer

To shade, or to not shade, that is the question. Providing shade can be a bit of a hot topic among cattlemen. No matter what side of the argument you’re on, there are gains and losses in both situations. If you’re considering whether or not to provide shade, looking at the advantages and disadvantages can assist in making an informed decision.

Advantages

Providing shade for cattle has advantages, especially when it comes to reducing the effects of heat stress. During the summer or during prolonged heat spells, cattle with shade have shown significantly less issues related to heat exposure. Research published by the University of Kentucky Extension shows that shaded cattle have been found to have a weight-gain advantage over non shaded cattle. The same article referenced a study where cattle provided with shade had decreased illness and reproduction issues. Cows showed increased conception rates and Bulls had increased semen quality. Milk production also increased when cattle had access to shade. Decreased respiratory illness, increased fertility rates, and more consistent cycling are all potential benefits from providing shade. (Reference list cited at the end of the article)

Disadvantages

When offered shade, cattle tend to congregate under shaded structures for extended periods of time. Spotty overgrazing is one of the main issues that stems from this. Cattle will selectively graze around the shaded area, eating the forage down too far. Eventually cattle will graze the regrowth, which disturbs the growing pattern of the grass. Erosion from constant movement in one area can also contribute to the destruction of pastures. As cattle congregate in one place, their manure does too. A buildup of manure provides a prime breeding ground for flies and other pests. Sometimes, cattle become unwilling to move from the shade which can reduce feed intake and decrease average daily gain. Depending on the type of shaded structure used, airflow can also be compromised. A lack of airflow can contribute to heat stress issues within a herd. If not enough shade is provided, animals can result to fighting over space. This creates negative stress for those lower in the dominance hierarchy. The Ohio BEEF Cattle Letter suggests 40 to 60 square feet per cow.