Rising trends in U.S. organic milk production

Growth and challenges in the organic dairy sector

Over the last three decades, the U.S. dairy industry has seen a significant shift towards organic milk production, driven by increasing consumer demand for healthier and more sustainable products. This shift is evidenced by a remarkable growth in the number of organic dairy cows and a surge in milk sales.

According to USDA data, the organic dairy cow population increased from 2,265 in 1992 to 352,289 in 2021, now making up approximately 3.8% of the national dairy herd. Similarly, organic milk sales have increased by 78% from 2009 to 2022, capturing a larger share of the milk market.

Despite these gains, organic dairy farmers face several challenges. Volatile milk prices and the high costs of organic feed grains—which are scarce in the U.S.—have squeezed profit margins. In 2021, organic feed costs accounted for more than 40% of the total production costs, significantly impacting profitability.

The stringent requirements for organic certification, which include maintaining detailed livestock records and ensuring strict compliance with animal diet and living conditions, also add to the operational hurdles.

Nevertheless, states like Texas, Idaho, and New Mexico have become prominent players in the organic milk market, overcoming traditional leaders such as California.

The commitment to maintaining high standards of health, sustainability, and profitability continues to drive the expansion of the organic dairy sector.

This evolution in the dairy industry underscores a sustained consumer shift towards organic products, affirming the ongoing relevance and potential for growth of organic milk production in the U.S. market.