Research drives stronger potato crops in Wisconsin

Research drives stronger potato crops in Wisconsin
Nov 28, 2025
By Farms.com

Research partnerships and certification programs support reliable potato crops

Did you enjoy mashed, roasted, or scalloped potatoes over thanksgiving?  When shoppers buy farm-fresh potatoes in stores, they may not realize that these products represent years of careful development.  

In Wisconsin, potato quality is maintained through strong partnerships between growers and the University of Wisconsin. Their shared focus on research and innovation helps ensure that potatoes remain healthy, consistent, and dependable for consumers. 

The University of Wisconsin-Madison potato breeding program plays a key role in developing new potato varieties suited to Wisconsin’s soil, climate, and growing conditions. Although thousands of potato varieties exist worldwide, most potatoes grown in the United States fall into a few main types, including Russet, yellow, red, white, blue and purple, and fingerling. Multiple varieties from these categories are grown across Wisconsin. 

Researchers use cross-pollination to combine desirable traits and identify new varieties that can succeed under local pressures. Developing a single commercially viable variety can take more than ten years. Increasing environmental sustainability is a major goal, and breeders are working on potatoes that require fewer crop protectants and lower nitrogen levels. 

The Wisconsin Seed Potato Certification Program supports growers by ensuring that seed potatoes are free from harmful plant pathogens. Seed potatoes are created through vegetative propagation, where pieces of a parent potato are planted to produce identical plants. This method allows farmers to maintain the same characteristics from one generation to the next. 

However, without proper safeguards, pathogens can build up over time. Certification began in Wisconsin in 1914 to prevent the spread of diseases that could reduce crop yield and quality. Today, certified seed potatoes must be healthy, true to type, and nearly free of plant diseases. These requirements protect crop performance and help farmers grow strong and productive plants. 

By law, any farmer planting five or more acres of potatoes in Wisconsin must use certified seed. This ensures a reliable supply of high-quality potatoes and supports the long-standing reputation of Wisconsin as a leader in potato production. 

Something to think about as you eat your leftover mashed potatoes. 

Photo Credi: gettyimages-npantos

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