Mastering Controlled Burns -- Essential Safety Tips for Farmers

How to Plan, Permit, and Execute a Safe Prescribed Burn on Your Farm

Farmers use prescribed burns for a variety of reasons such as clearing fields, managing crop residue, controlling weeds, pests, and diseases, and improving soil fertility by recycling nutrients.

Prescribed burning is a valuable land management tool, but it comes with significant risks if not handled properly. Conducting a controlled burn on your farm requires meticulous planning, compliance with regulations, and a strong focus on safety. Here’s what you need to know before lighting the first match.

Pre-Burn Planning & Permits

1. Research Local Regulations: Contact your state/province or county forestry agency and local fire department well in advance. Most jurisdictions require a permit and an approved burn plan.
2. Create a Detailed Burn Plan: Your plan should include the burn unit’s location, desired weather conditions, safety hazards, personnel roles, equipment needs, and a medical emergency protocol.
3. Notify Neighbors and Authorities: Inform adjoining landowners, the local sheriff’s office, and fire departments about your planned burn date and time. This prevents unnecessary emergency calls and alerts people to potential smoke.
4. Consider Insurance: Verify that your farm insurance policy covers controlled burning activities and potential accidents. 5. Seek Professional Help: If you’re new to prescribed burning, attend local “Learn & Burn” events or hire experienced professionals to guide you.

Weather and Site Conditions

• Monitor Weather Closely: Ideal conditions typically include temperatures between 40–60°F (4–15°C) and relative humidity of 30–60%.
• Watch the Wind: A steady wind of 4–12 mph (6.- 20 km/hour) helps move the fire predictably. Avoid gusty or shifting winds, and ensure smoke drifts away from roads and homes.
• Check Soil Moisture: The ground should be moist to prevent fire from penetrating the soil and damaging root systems.

Safety During the Burn

• Maintain Clear Firebreaks: Ensure firebreaks remain intact and effective throughout the burn.
• Have a Sufficient Team: Always have a trained crew with a designated supervisor. Everyone should understand their roles and safety protocols.
• Use Proper Safety Equipment: Protective clothing and gear are essential for all personnel.
• Keep Tools Ready: Water sources, extinguishing tools, and a first-aid kit should be accessible and in good working order.
• Monitor Conditions Constantly: Stay alert to weather changes and fire behavior. Be ready to extinguish the fire if conditions shift.
• Maintain Communication: Clear, constant communication among team members is critical.
• Extinguish Thoroughly: After the burn, ensure all embers and smoldering materials are completely out to prevent flare-ups.

Controlled burns can be a powerful tool for improving land health on your farm, but safety must always come first. With proper planning, permits, and precautions, you can achieve your goals while minimizing risk.

Photo Credit: Pexels - Kelly