Winter farming - Safeguarding water quality during manure application

Winter presents unique challenges for farmers, especially when it comes to applying manure on snow-covered or frozen ground. Responsible farming practices are essential to minimize water quality risks. Here are key considerations for safe and sustainable winter manure application. 

Local Regulations Matter: Before proceeding, acquaint yourself with local regulations governing winter manure application. Certain regions, like Iowa, impose specific restrictions on when and how manure can be applied during the winter season. Adhering to these rules is crucial to avoid potential repercussions. 

Permits and Plans: For farms with National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits or Natural Resources Conservation Service comprehensive nutrient management plans, it's essential to review any winter manure application restrictions outlined in these documents. Typically, such permits and plans prohibit winter manure application, regardless of manure type (solid or liquid). 

Understanding Snow Conditions: Directly applying manure onto snow-covered fields can lead to nutrient runoff when the snow melts. To prevent this, wait until after snowmelt or explore alternative manure management strategies. Additionally, avoid applying on frozen ground, as it hinders absorption, increasing runoff risks. 

Thoughtful Land-Use Choices: Carefully assess your land-use decisions. Avoid applying manure on steep slopes or areas with poor drainage, as these locations heighten runoff possibilities. Instead, opt for fields with good water-holding capacity to minimize nutrient loss. Consider planting cover crops to capture excess nutrients and shield the soil from winter erosion. 

Protecting Water Quality: Prioritize water quality protection by maintaining adequate setback distances from water bodies and sensitive areas. Incorporate manure into the soil promptly after application to reduce surface runoff. Implement grass or cover crop buffers downstream from manure-applied areas to slow runoff and enable solids to settle before reaching waterways. 

By adhering to these best practices for winter manure application, you contribute to enhanced nutrient management and the preservation of water resources. Stay vigilant about weather forecasts and adapt your plans accordingly. Responsible manure management benefits both your farm's success and the environment's well-being.