UNH Extension and NH Vegetable and Berry Growers Association has launched a four-part series on the Climate Adapted Farm, Making the effects of extreme weather less severe. These educational farm tours are for farmers and anyone interested in learning about climate adaptation on farms. Climate adaptation can look like many things on a New Hampshire farm, how farms are adapting varies based on their production system, crops grown, and primary threats to their system. As we experience more frequent heavy rain events interspersed with periods of dry weather, we see farms turning to engineered solutions in managing the flow of rainfall and runoff to ‘slow the flow’ of the water on their farm. During a three or four inch rain event, it is likely to experience erosion, causing damage to farm roads, or carrying pollutants or excess fertilizer off-site.
Farms are doing what they can to keep water (and soil) on-site by installing drainage ponds, building up their roads, installing water bars, improving grassy alleyways, integrating reduced tillage strategies and utilizing cover crops to protect their topsoil while managing these extreme rainfall events. How water moves through a system and opportunities to improve the flow of water will be highlighted on June 18th at the tour of Barker’s Farm in Stratham. Integrating no/low till systems and tarping for weed suppression and opening up new fields will be highlighted at the June 5th tour of Waxing Moon Gardens in Sandwich, NH.
In a northeast climate where precipitation is consistent in the growing season, vegetable growers have long relied on high and low tunnels to improve yield and reduce the incidence of disease. As the northeast braces for hotter summers with more days over 90F and even 95F, how we keep our plants comfortable in these systems will be of increasing importance. Heat stress in plants can result in flower abortion and fruit drop, pollen termination, sunscald or bleaching, leaf rolling or cupping, wilting, and bolting. The good news is there are many strategies to protect plants from heat stress, but they may require additional investment and labor. In a greenhouse, proper ventilation is required and should be the first step in cooling. New technologies allow growers to automate these systems so the structure self-regulates based on controls set by the grower.
Other strategies such as white plastic mulch which does not absorb as much heat, organic mulches to conserve soil moisture and keep the soil cool, and integration of shade cloth (where appropriate) can help keep your plants healthy and productive. During an excessive heat event combined with particularly dry weather, we may see issues with fertilizer or chemical burn with pesticide use, or pesticides not working properly. While many growers are familiar with growing in a protected structure like a high tunnel or greenhouse, the tour at Spring Ledge Farm on July 16 will focus on energy efficiency upgrades, technology and automated options for high tunnels, and heat mitigation options.
Source : unh.edu