Advanced Sensor Technology Helps in Early Detection of H5N1
A groundbreaking biosensor capable of detecting airborne H5N1 avian influenza in under five minutes has been developed by researchers at Washington University in St. Louis. This advancement provides a rapid detection method for farmers and public health officials to monitor potential outbreaks in real time.
The research team, led by Professor Rajan Chakrabarty, designed the biosensor using electrochemical capacitive biosensors to enhance speed and sensitivity. “This biosensor is the first of its kind,” said Chakrabarty, emphasizing the importance of quick virus detection in preventing outbreaks. Traditional testing methods can take over ten hours, delaying necessary responses.
The device is about the size of a desktop printer and can be placed near farm ventilation systems. It uses an integrated sampling-sensing unit that captures airborne virus particles and sends fluid samples to the biosensor for analysis every five minutes. Scientists optimized the sensor using graphene oxide and Prussian blue nanocrystals, significantly improving its sensitivity and stability.
Another key advantage of the biosensor is its ability to store samples for further analysis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. The sensor also provides real-time virus concentration levels, helping farm operators understand when H5N1 levels reach dangerous thresholds.
H5N1 has become a growing concern, recently mutating to spread through airborne particles and infecting mammals. The USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has reported multiple outbreaks in dairy farms.
Farmers currently rely on slow testing methods that can delay necessary containment measures. The USDA has also issued a conditional license for an avian flu vaccine to help manage the disease.
This biosensor has the potential to transform pathogen detection. While currently designed for H5N1, it can be adapted to detect other strains of influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and bacteria like E. coli.
Researchers are working with Varro Life Sciences to commercialize the technology, making it affordable and accessible to farmers and public health organizations.