Managing cattle growth: backgrounding tops from a Manitoba expert

Cattle producers across the Prairies looking to optimize growth and health in their herds can benefit from the insights shared by Elizabeth Nernberg, Livestock Extension Specialist with Manitoba Agriculture. Speaking at a recent producer presentation, Nernberg provided practical advice on backgrounding calves—a critical stage between weaning and feedlot finishing.

What is Backgrounding?
"Backgrounding is about growing calves at a slower rate of gain to optimize bone and muscle growth while avoiding excess fat deposition," explains Nernberg. "This stage helps maximize the animal’s genetic potential and prepares them for a high-grain feedlot ration."

Nernberg highlights the importance of targeted average daily gains during this phase. "The goal is typically between 1.5 to 2.5 pounds per day, depending on the animal’s frame size and growth program," she notes. "For larger-framed animals, gains can reach up to 3 pounds per day as they mature, but anything below 1.5 pounds is inefficient and uneconomical."

Feed and Forage Balance
A key component of backgrounding is the balance of forage and concentrates in the diet. "Early rations are about 60 to 70 percent forage on a dry matter basis, with gradual adjustments to include more concentrates over time," says Nernberg. This careful rationing helps ensure proper muscle development without excessive fat gain.

Why Feedlots Prefer Backgrounded Cattle
Feedlots often prefer backgrounded cattle due to their established feeding behaviors and reduced risk of illness. "They’ve already passed through the high-stress weaning period and are accustomed to bunk feeding, which leads to more consistent weight gains," Nernberg explains.

Best Practices for Backgrounding
Producers are encouraged to pay close attention to animal health during backgrounding. "Check for sickness regularly, ensure clean water access, and have a strong vaccination protocol in place," advises Nernberg. She also recommends implanting growth promotants to take advantage of higher market prices and conducting a cost-of-production analysis to meet financial targets.

For producers looking to streamline their management, 

Nernberg highlights Manitoba Agriculture’s Farm Management Program, which includes beef backgrounding cost-of-production resources. "These tools allow producers to input their own values and make informed decisions about their operation," she says.

Nernberg also encourages producers to explore risk management programs like AgriStability, AgriInvest, and the Western Livestock Price Insurance Program to safeguard their investments.

By focusing on targeted growth and health protocols, producers can set their herds up for long-term success while navigating today’s challenging markets.