We generally compare our current situation with the most recent past. I believe this is the case with the winter we have just experienced. Those of us who have seen enough growing seasons can think back to similar winters in the past. We already know there has been damage to fruit crops, but fortunately most vegetable crops have the advantage of being planted on an annual basis. However, this does not mean they escape the effects, positive or negative, of a harsh winter.
Asparagus is the only perennial vegetable crop of any consequence in Michigan. Asparagus can be winter-damaged if the ground gets cold enough. For this to happen, the ground needs to be mostly clear of snow and the air really cold to lower the ground temperature enough to cause damage. Fortunately, the snow cover was sufficient to protect against those deep, cold temperatures, so I would not expect to see any winter problems with our asparagus plantings.
I would expect the winter to have little to no effect on 2014 disease pressure. Many diseases overwinter in the soil, in plant debris or carried from other areas on wind currents. The snow cover again would keep temperatures within the suitable survival range for those diseases overwintering in soil and plant debris. The only effect it might have on wind-blown diseases would be a slight delay on inoculum arrival and, therefore, symptom expression.
The cold winter could have an impact on overwintering insect populations. Insects overwinter in the ground, in cracks and crevasses of trees and other plants and in plant litter in the hedgerows around production fields. If temperatures get cold enough, it can kill some but not all of that population. Insect mortality is most often seen if there is a warm up that causes insects to become active and then a return to cold. We did not get those conditions and the heavy snow cover would again protect those insects living on the ground. Since insect development is directly dependent on temperature, emergence of local, overwintering populations is expected to be delayed. This may not be true for insects such as certain leafhoppers and corn earworm that migrate in from southern states.