Climate change is expected to bring more severe weather, like droughts and extreme heat, to Kansas in the coming decades, with significant negative impacts on farm productivity and profitability. EDF, Cornell University and Kansas State University today released research that quantified the financial risk to Kansas farms posed by extreme heat, and how management decisions and government programs partially mitigated the negative impacts.
The study found over the last four decades, for every 1⁰C of warming gross farm income decreased by 7%, and net farm income decreased by 66%. For an average farm in this study, this meant that farmers lost about $43,000 from an average net farm income of about $66,000.
“Excessive heat was a significant factor in our crop losses in 2023. One afternoon, it reached 112⁰F, and I went out into some soybean fields and was alarmed that it smelled similar to plant tissue ruptured by a freeze. It was the first time I had smelled plant tissue breaking down from heat,” said Justin Knopf, a farmer who raises wheat, soybeans, alfalfa, corn and other crops in central Kansas. “Learning and implementing practices to improve the resilience of our cropping systems is imperative along with financial and risk management tools to mitigate risk.”
Farmers like Justin need access to financial and risk management solutions that help them adapt to a changing climate. Robust risk management practices and programs play a crucial role in reducing the impacts of extreme heat on net farm income. Crop insurance helped farmers recover 51% of net income losses, while crop inventory adjustments helped recover 16% of the losses.
“Implementing practices that build resilience to climate change may present short-term risks for farmers, that will need to be addressed by lenders, insurers and federal programs,” said Vincent Gauthier, manager of climate-smart agriculture at EDF. "Developing financial and risk management solutions that proactively support farmers in the transition to climate-resilient production systems is critical to reducing climate risks to farmers while maintaining robust agricultural production.”
The study also found that growth in Kansas farmland values was five percentage points lower over a 30-year period than would have been the case without increasing extreme heat. This meant that landowners lost value on their assets that they could have gained without extreme heat.
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