A long-term field study conducted in Northeast China’s fertile black soil region has demonstrated that biochar can significantly improve soil health, stabilize microbial communities, and increase crop yields—but only when applied at the right rate.
The research, published in Biochar, reveals that a one-time application of biochar at 31.5 metric tons per hectare (t ha⁻¹) led to higher soil organic matter stability, enhanced bacterial diversity, and a 7.11% increase in crop yield. In contrast, higher doses reduced microbial stability and negatively affected soil health.
Black soils are among the world’s most productive agricultural lands, but decades of intensive farming have led to severe degradation, including organic matter loss and soil acidification. Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced from biomass pyrolysis, has shown promise in restoring soil quality, but its long-term effects on soil microbial communities and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were poorly understood.