Maximizing Alfalfa Yields: Determining the Optimal Cutting Time.

Jun 15, 2023

Determining the ideal time for the first cutting of alfalfa can significantly impact yields and nutritive quality. Weather conditions, targeted harvest schedules, and end goals regarding feed value all play a crucial role in this decision-making process. Sarah Bauder, a forage field specialist at South Dakota State University Extension, emphasizes the importance of considering these factors when scheduling the harvest.

Research conducted by the University of Wisconsin reveals that harvesting more frequently yields high-quality forage with reasonable yields, but compromises stand persistence and plant vigor. Longer harvest intervals, on the other hand, tend to produce higher yields and better stand longevity but lower-quality feeds.

The first cutting of established alfalfa typically offers the highest concentration of digestible fiber for the season. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the appropriate timing for this initial cutting. Instead of relying on uncertain research or the practices of neighboring farmers, Bauder recommends considering the crop's developmental stage as a better predictor.

For high-performance animals, the first cutting should ideally occur from early to mid-bud stage. For beef cattle, the recommended time is from late bud to mid-bloom, while animals with lower requirements can benefit from cutting during full bloom.

To achieve maximum dry matter yield, the first cutting should be harvested just before full bloom, with subsequent cuttings following 40- to 45-day intervals. This three-cut summer system produces forage that is relatively lower in nutritive quality. Alternatively, for high-performance livestock feeding programs, a four-cut summer system may be employed, with the first cutting at the late-bud to first-flower stage and subsequent cuttings at 32- to 35-day intervals, extending until early September.

Ultimately, cutting decisions should be tailored to meet the specific quality requirements of each operation. By considering these guidelines, farmers in South Dakota can optimize their alfalfa yields while maintaining nutritive value.