Enhancing corn yields with Kura Clover cover crops

Purdue research explores sustainable practices in agriculture

Corn crops require substantial nitrogen, a nutrient often supplied through synthetic fertilizers. Purdue University scientists are investigating whether integrating Kura clover, a perennial legume, can sustainably supply nitrogen and improve soil health in corn production. This innovative approach could potentially reduce environmental impacts associated with nitrogen loss while enhancing crop yields.

In 2023, Indiana's corn production reached over one billion bushels, valued at $5 billion. "A substantial percentage of the nitrogen we apply to our annual production systems is lost into our waterways or into the atmosphere," noted Yichao Rui, an assistant professor in agronomy at Purdue. The focus of Rui's project is to explore the uncharted benefits of Kura clover in corn farming.

Kura clover thrives year-round, unlike many cover crops that are seasonal. As a legume, it fixes nitrogen from the atmosphere, making it available to corn plants. This biological nitrogen fixation can contribute significantly to soil health by fostering stronger interactions between plants and soil microbes.

The research team, including experts like Sylvie Brouder and Jeffrey Volenec, conducts trials at Purdue's Water Quality Field Station. This facility has monitored various agricultural practices, including their effects on water quality and greenhouse gas emissions.

Preliminary results indicate that using Kura clover may improve water quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from cornfields.

Historically, intensive farming practices have led to a significant loss of soil carbon in the Midwest. By reintroducing deep-rooted cover crops like Kura clover, researchers believe they can help restore this lost carbon and improve overall soil health and moisture retention.

Implementing Kura clover is not without challenges. Farmers must learn to manage this clover to prevent it from competing with corn for resources. Training and adjustments to current farming practices will be necessary to adopt this approach successfully.