Avian influenza challenges egg and turkey production

Virus affects millions of birds and dairy cattle in the US

Avian influenza (HPAI) continues to affect the U.S. poultry and dairy industries, impacting millions of birds and driving up prices for eggs and turkey products.

Since 2022, over 100 million birds have been affected by the virus, especially egg layers and turkeys. Broiler chickens, however, have been less affected due to their distance from high-risk flyways where migratory birds carry the virus.

The egg industry has seen substantial challenges, with 73 million egg layers impacted by HPAI. This disruption has led to significant price fluctuations, reaching an average high of $4.82 per dozen in early 2023. Prices have moderated slightly in 2024 but remain volatile due to ongoing HPAI detections.

Turkeys have also been heavily affected. Since 2022, 14.2 million turkeys have succumbed to the virus, causing a reduction in production. The USDA estimates a 6.3% drop in turkey output for 2024, as farmers battle losses and decreased demand.

Consumers are turning to other meats, which has further reduced turkey prices by nearly 23% over the past year.

In an unexpected twist, HPAI was detected in U.S. dairy cattle for the first time in March 2024. While the impact on dairy cattle has been less severe, it has still affected 494 herds across 16 states, primarily in California. Symptoms include reduced milk production, but most cattle recover in a few weeks.

USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has implemented strict measures to limit transmission through testing and monitoring programs. 

The USDA has initiated various strategies to address HPAI in livestock, including financial support to help farmers mitigate production losses. Research is underway to develop vaccines, adding hope for a more resilient agricultural sector in the face of HPAI.