Why Late-Calving Cows Reduce Weaning Weights and Revenue

Maximise Market Prices with Timely Breeding and Calving

Reproductive efficiency plays a crucial role in the profitability of cow-calf operations. While much of the discussion centers on getting cows bred, it’s equally important to consider the timing of calving.

Many economic studies recommend culling open cows or keeping them only in specific situations. However, delayed breeding can significantly impact revenue, making it a vital factor to address as spring calving progresses.

One of the most immediate costs associated with late-calving cows is the lower weaning weight of their calves. Since these calves are born later in the season, they have less time to grow before weaning.

This age difference alone can lead to a 40-50 pound reduction in weaning weight per missed cycle. The revenue gap between early-bred cows and those bred in later cycles can be substantial due to this weight disparity.

Beyond lower weights, late-born calves face another economic disadvantage that is often overlooked. Since fewer of them are born within the same timeframe, they are typically sold in smaller groups.

Research consistently shows that larger lot sizes command higher prices per hundredweight (cwt), meaning these calves may receive lower prices at market.

An analysis of preconditioned feeder cattle sales in Kentucky highlights the effect of lot size on sale prices. Data reveals that even a modest group of five calves sold for $11 more per cwt than a single calf, while a group of ten outperformed a single by $15 per cwt.

While larger groups are ideal, small operations can still benefit by managing their herds to ensure calves are sold in groups of at least 5-10.

Ultimately, managing reproductive efficiency isn’t just about getting cows pregnant-it’s about ensuring they calve early in the season. By prioritizing timely breeding, producers can maximize weaning weights, increase market prices, and improve overall profitability.