Study Shows Ground-Penetrating Radar Can Detect Fine Roots In Crops

 

A recent study led Texas A&M AgriLife Research has shown ground-penetrating  radar, or GPR, may be effectively used in detecting the fine roots of plants, helping agricultural producers identify what crop varieties are best suited to their field conditions.

 

Dong, center, shows how ground penetrating radar can be used to detect fine roots.

 

“To meet the world’s growing demand for food, agricultural crop production needs to double by 2050,” said Dr. Xuejun Dong, an AgriLife Research soil crop physiologist at the Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center in Uvalde. “It is widely accepted that breeding efforts focused on aboveground traits alone are not sufficient to achieve the necessary agricultural yield to meet this future global demand. We felt shifting the emphasis to analyzing the root system would provide an additional means to help agricultural producers meet this important goal.”

 

 

“We knew that ground-penetrating radar had been a non-invasive technique widely used in coarse root detection, but the applicability of GPR in detecting the fine roots of agricultural crops was still unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of utilizing GPR to detect fine roots under field conditions.”

 

Dong said to his knowledge this was the first study showing the high potential for using GPR to detect fine roots in agricultural crops.

 

The study, titled “Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) detects fine roots of agricultural crops in the field,” also involved additional researchers from the Uvalde center, Texas A&M AgriLife centers in Amarillo and Weslaco, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service and the  Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation in Ardmore, Oklahoma

 

It was conducted at four Texas cities — Amarillo, Dilley, Uvalde and Weslaco — with different soil types and soil moisture conditions.

 

“Positive fine-root development is necessary for plants to maximize their intake of water and nutrients,” said Dr. Daniel Leskovar, Uvalde center director and one of study researchers. “Being able to use ground-penetrating radar to evaluate and assess the fine root structure of different crop varieties would give us another powerful weapon in our arsenal for plant selection and breeding.”

 

The study provided a comparison of core-measured and GPR-estimated root parameters depicting the most significant relations for wheat cultivars, studied in Amarillo and Uvalde, and sugarcane cultivars, studied in Weslaco. Several cultivars of winter wheat and sugarcane were scanned with ground-penetrating radar at 1,600 megahertz. In each measurement transect, the GPR antenna was moved at a steady speed over a 3-meter distance parallel to plant rows and between the two middle rows in each of the plots.

 

 

Soil cores were collected immediately after scanning and the core samples containing roots were stored in a freezer until processing. The roots were then cleaned and scanned on a flatbed scanner where root diameter was analyzed. After scanning, roots were oven-dried until constant mass and root dry mass was recorded.