Cost Share Programs Boost Cover Crop Adoption

Cost Share Programs Boost Cover Crop Adoption
Oct 13, 2025
By Farms.com

Study finds early adoption trends in sustainable South Dakota farms

Cover crops are vital for sustainable farming as they enhance soil fertility, improve structure, prevent erosion, and support better water retention. They also reduce nutrient runoff and control pests and weeds, making them essential for both farm productivity and environmental protection. 

However, the benefits of cover crops often take years to show, while farmers face upfront costs like seed and planting expenses. In South Dakota, these financial challenges and narrow planting windows often discourage adoption. 

To address this, researchers at South Dakota State University’s Ness School of Management and Economics — Tong Wang and Hailong Jin — studied the impact of cost share programs such as the Environmental Quality Incentives Program and the Conservation Stewardship Program. These initiatives cover up to 75% of implementation costs. 

The study found that farmers participating in cost share programs adopted cover crops two to four years earlier than those who did not. "Additional costs, coupled with potential risks, may discourage many producers from cover crop adoption," said Tong Wang, an associate professor in South Dakota State University's Ness School of Management and Economics who has been conducting research on conservation agricultural practices for over a decade. 

Based on survey data from 350 eastern South Dakota farmers between 2018 and 2021, results showed 56% were cover crop adopters by 2021, with only 1% discontinuing. Adoption notably rose after the 2019 flooding, as many producers turned to cover crops for soil recovery. 

Interestingly, 71% of adopters now fund cover crops without assistance, showing long-term confidence in the practice. Early participants in cost share programs helped demonstrate the value of cover crops, encouraging others to join independently. 

Wang’s study concludes that cost share programs not only support early adopters but also create a positive “spillover effect,” helping build a culture of sustainability across South Dakota farms. 

Photo Credit: gettyimages-eugenesergeev

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